Under the Risk of COVID-19 Epidemic: A Study on the Influence of Life Attitudes, Leisure Sports Values, and Workplace Risk Perceptions on Urban Development and Public Well-Being

This study examined the impact of attitudes toward life, recreational sports values, and workplace risk perceptions on urban development and public well-being under the risk of the COVID-19 epidemic in China. A mixed-method research study was conducted, and 2400 valid questionnaires were collected via purposeful sampling. The questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 statistical software and validated with basic statistical methods and Pearson's correlation analysis. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted to collect the opinions of 12 respondents on the questionnaire results, including academics, foreign entrepreneurs and employees, local entrepreneurs and employees, and official institutions. Finally, all the data collected were discussed via triangulation analysis. The survey found that different cities' social and industrial development and job market needs lead to different attitudes toward life, leisure values, and perceptions of job-seeking and employment risks. The smoother a person's growing-up background, the better their learning history, the better their learning and working experience, and the richer their life experience;consequently, positive attitudes toward life, correct leisure values, and positive attitudes toward job hunting and employment can be cultivated. In addition, people with positive attitudes toward life, leisure values, and job hunting and employment can improve their city's economy and environment for sustainable development, thereby improving their quality of life and increasing their well-being.

Clinical features of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Delta variant infection and abnormal liver function in Guangdong Province, China. TT -? ? ? ? ? ?.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant infection and abnormal liver function in Guangdong Province, China. Methods The patients with SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection who belonged to the same chain of transmission in Guangdong Province (Guangzhou and Foshan) and were admitted to Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University from May 21 to June 18, 2021 were enrolled in this study, and the judgment criteria for liver function were alanine aminotransferase (male/female) > 50/40 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase > 40 U/L, total bilirubin > 26 mumol/L, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase > 60 U/L, and alkaline phosphatase (ALK) > 125 U/L. Abnormality in any one item of the above criteria was defined as abnormal liver function, and such patients were included in analysis (the patients, aged < 18 years, who had a mild or moderate increase in ALP alone were not included in analysis). Clinical data were compared between the patients with normal liver function and those with abnormal liver function, and the etiology and prognosis of abnormal liver function were analyzed. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups;the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Results Among the 166 patients with SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection, 32 (19.3%) had abnormal liver function with mild-to-moderate increases in liver function parameters, and compared with the normal liver function group, the abnormal liver function group had a significantly higher proportion of critical patients (chi2=38.689, P < 0.001) and significantly higher age and inflammatory cytokines [C-reactive protein type, serum amyloid A, and interleukin-6 (IL-6)](all P < 0.05). Among the 32 patients with abnormal liver function, 13 patients had abnormal liver function on admission (defined as primary group), while 19 patients had normal liver function on admission but were found to have abnormal liver function by reexamination after treatment (defined as secondary group). For the primary group, the evidence of abnormal liver function was not found for 3 patients (3/13, 23.1%), and the possibility of toxic liver injury directly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection was considered. Among the 19 patients in the secondary group, 9 (47.4%) had mild/common type and 10 (52.6%) had critical type, and all critical patients had the evidence of liver injury indirectly caused by the significant increases in C-reactive protein type, serum amyloid A, and IL-6 and hypoxemia;the evidence of abnormal liver function was not found for only 1 patient (1/19, 5.3%), and the possibility of toxic liver injury directly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection was considered. All 32 patients with abnormal liver function had [JP2]significant reductions in liver function parameters after treatment including liver protection. Conclusion As for the patients with SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection who belong to the same chain of transmission in Guangdong Province, the critical patients show a significantly higher proportion of patients with abnormal liver function than the patients with other clinical types, and other factors except SARS-CoV-2 infection and indirect injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection are the main cause of liver injury.Copyright © 2022 Editorial Board of Jilin University. All rights reserved.

[Rapid detection and genotyping of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 variants using a RT-PCR and CRISPR-Cas12a-based assay].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a rapid detection and genotyping method for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 variants using CRISPPR-Cas12a gene editing technology. METHODS: We combined reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and CRISPR gene editing technology and designed a specific CRISPPR RNA (crRNA) with suboptimal protospacer adjacent motifs (PAM) for rapid detection and genotyping of SARS- CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 variants. The performance of this RT- PCR/ CRISPPR-Cas12a assay was evaluated using 43 clinical samples of patients infected by wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the Alpha, Beta, Delta, Omicron BA. 1 and BA. 4/5 variants and 20 SARS- CoV- 2-negative clinical samples infected with 11 respiratory pathogens. With Sanger sequencing method as the gold standard, the specificity, sensitivity, concordance (Kappa) and area under the ROC curve (AUC) of RT-PCR/CRISPPR-Cas12a assay were calculated. RESULTS: This assay was capable of rapid and specific detection of SARS- CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 variant within 30 min with the lowest detection limit of 10 copies/µL, and no cross-reaction was observed in SARS-CoV-2-negative clinical samples infected with 11 common respiratory pathogens. The two Omicron BA.4/5 specific crRNAs (crRNA-1 and crRNA-2) allowed the assay to accurately distinguish Omicron BA.4/5 from BA.1 sublineage and other major SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. For detection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 variants, the sensitivity of the established assay using crRNA-1 and crRNA-2 was 97.83% and 100% with specificity of 100% and AUC of 0.998 and 1.000, respectively, and their concordance rate with Sanger sequencing method was 92.83% and 96.41%, respectively. CONCLUSION: By combining RT-PCR and CRISPPR-Cas12a gene editing technology, we successfully developed a new method for rapid detection and identification of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 variants with a high sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, which allows rapid detection and genotyping of SARS- CoV-2 variants and monitoring of the emerging variants and their dissemination.

The role of heritage sites and other influential factors in domestic tourism inflow to Australian states: a gravity model approach

Domestic tourism plays a crucial role in the Australian economy, generating revenue, creating employment opportunities, fostering cultural identity, and facilitating tourism growth and development. The remote regions of Australia are particularly reliant on domestic inbound tourism to stimulate their local economies. This study investigates the influence of heritage sites and various factors on domestic tourism inflows to eight states in the Australia between 1998-2021. The gravity method and random effect model are employed for the empirical analysis. The results indicate that the macro determinants, including population of origin state, gross state product per capita, infrastructural development, shared border between states, and the number of heritage sites, have significant and positive impact on domestic tourism inflow. Conversely, the consumer price index, distance, and pandemic outbreak have a negative influence on domestic tourism inflow. These findings hold important practical implications. Given Australia's geographical remoteness, promoting domestic tourism becomes imperative to boost the tourism industry and local economies. Therefore, it is recommended that authorities prioritize domestic tourism flows and invest in infrastructure, preserve heritage sites, stabilize prices, implement effective marketing strategies, and respond swiftly to public emergencies such as the Covid-19 pandemic.

Police Social Capital and the Effectiveness of Emergency Policing in China During COVID-19

Emergency policing has played a significant role in controlling the spread of COVID-19 in various countries. China is one of the few countries that has successfully controlled the pandemic. What are the factors that determine the effectiveness of emergency policing in China? This study argues that the social capital played a supportive role in emergency policing during COVID-19. Based on the data analysis, we construct a theoretical framework to explain why pandemic control in China has been effective. The effectiveness of the police response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Zhejiang, China, displays the importance of all three types of social capital for emergency policing, including interaction-assisted social capital represented by 'grid-governance', technology-driven social capital represented by 'data sharing', and service-assisted social capital represented by 'safety construction'.

Optimal Deployment of Cordon Sanitaire with Available Testing Capacity

During the COVID-19 pandemic, authorities in many places have implemented various countermeasures, including setting up a cordon sanitaire to restrict population movement. This paper proposes a bi-level programming model to deploy a limited number of parallel checkpoints at each entry link around the cordon sanitaire to achieve a minimum total waiting time for all travelers. At the lower level, it is a transportation network equilibrium with queuing for a fixed travel demand and given road network. The feedback process between trip distribution and trip assignment results in the predicted waiting time and traffic flow for each entry link. For the lower-level model, the method of successive averages is used to achieve a network equilibrium with queuing for any given allocation decision from the upper level, and the reduced gradient algorithm is used for traffic assignment with queuing. At the upper level, it is a queuing network optimization model. The objective is the minimization of the system's total waiting time, which can be derived from the predicted traffic flow and queuing delay time at each entry link from the lower-level model. Since it is a nonlinear integer programming problem that is hard to solve, a genetic algorithm with elite strategy is designed. An experimental study using the Nguyen-Dupuis road network shows that the proposed methods effectively find a good heuristic optimal solution. Together with the findings from two additional sensitivity tests, the proposed methods are beneficial for policymakers to determine the optimal deployment of cordon sanitaire given limited resources. © National Academy of Sciences: Transportation Research Board 2021.

Practices of Making Friends and Convivial Experiences Living in a Foreign Land: Taiwanese Immigrant Restaurateurs and Housewives in Belgium

This seminal study examines how Taiwanese immigrants make friends and their convivial experiences interacting with social others in the host society in Belgium. In this study, the author successfully recruited 24 Taiwanese immigrant restaurateurs and housewives to participate in semi-structured interviews during the author's three years of fieldwork as the Chinese language and cultural courses teacher at the Ecole Sun Yat Sen Brussels. The study finds that sharing foods with others is one of the important friendshipmaking strategies in migrants' everyday life. In so doing, food does not only provide its material and nutrition functions, but it also makes many social meanings and functions for people who participate in activities and assist them to obtain sense of belonging, group identity and emotional support. In addition to food sharing, social media use is another vital tool for Taiwanese immigrants to make friends and cultivate their social networks living in a foreign country. However, a significant difference in using social media in making friends exists between different genders and age generations. With regard to convivial experiences, most of the research participants had positive experiences interacting with locals and social others before the COVID-19 pandemic. As they successfully accumulated such convivial experiences, these experiences, in turn, helped them construct a cosmopolitan identity and improve their personal inter-cultural competences. However, after the pandemic has worsened, Taiwanese immigrants have faced discriminations due to their race and migrant backgrounds more frequently. On the contrary, the frequencies of convivial interactions between Taiwanese immigrants with locals and social others have obviously decreased because of the pandemic. Notably, although Taiwanese immigrant restaurateurs and housewives may have different experiences and practices in making friends, they have similar social network characteristics as they have more intra-ethnic than interethnic friends and social ties. In addition, the limitations of the study and the suggestions for further research will also be discussed in the article. © 2022, City University of Hong Kong Press. All rights reserved.

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, can the development of coastal ecological resources create a safe leisure and tourism environment, maintain ecology, and promote economic development in villages?

Context and aims. The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of environmental development in the seashore waters of Maluan Bay on the current situation of sustainable development of coastal villages. Methods. We used SPSS statistical software (ver. 26.0) to analyse the data with statistical verification, Student's t-test and ANOVA, the used the inverview method to solicit opinions on the questionnarie results, and, finally, conducted multivariate inspection and analysis to explore the results. Key results. The development of seashore waters can effectively enhance people's positive perceptions of the current economic, social, environmental and coastal ecological development, and increase their willingness to revisit and purchase property. Also, the insufficient number of security guards in villages can be improved, the environmental awareness of residents and their willingness to participate in decision-making can be enhanced. Conclusions and implications. Providing tourists with better tourism facilities, transportation, hotel and restaurant management and planning will increase leisure opportunities and solve environmental and waste problems such as in this scenic location. It will help achieve the goal of sustainable circular economy of water.

HEALTH RESOURCE ALLOCATION METHOD AT CORDON SANITAIRE FOR PANDEMIC CONTROL AND PREVENTION

The outbreak of COVID-19 and its variants has profoundly disrupted our normal life. Many local authorities enforced cordon sanitaires for the protection of sensitive areas. Travelers can only cross the cordon after being tested. This paper aims to propose a method to determine the optimal deployment of cordon sanitaires in terms of minimum queueing delay time with available health testing resources. A sequential two-stage model is formulated where the first-stage model describes transportation system equilibrium to predict traffic ows. The second-stage model, a nonlinear integer programming, optimizes health resource allocation along the cordon sanitaire. This optimization aims to minimize the system's total delay time among all entry gates. Note that a stochastic queueing model is used to represent the queueing phenomenon at each entry link. A heuristic algorithm is designed to solve the proposed two-stage model where the Method of Successive Averages (MSA) is adopted for the first-stage model, and a genetic algorithm (GA) with elite strategy is adopted for the second-stage model. An experimental study is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and algorithm. The results show that these methods can find a good heuristic solution, and it is not cost-effective for authorities to keep adding health resources after reaching a certain limit. These methods are useful for policymakers to determine the optimal deployment of health resources at cordon sanitaires for pandemic control and prevention. © 2023.

Research on Distribution Route of Emergency Medical Materials Based on Two-stage Model

Aiming at the problem of improper dispatch of emergency medical materials under public health emergencies, a two-stage model of emergency medical materials distribution path was constructed. In the first stage, considering the distribution characteristics of emergency medical materials and the fairness and efficiency of the three-level logistics network of "distribution center-distribution cen-ter-designated hospital',the matching model of emergency medical materials was established. In the second stage, based on the traditional distribution path model,the problem of deterioration of special materials was considered, and the path planning model of emergency medical materials was established with the sum of driving distance, time penalty and deterioration penalty as the goal. The NSGA- II algorithm and LKH solver were used to solve the two-stage model, and the actual situation during the COVID~19 epidemic was taken as an example to verify it. The results show that the two-stage model and the algorithm adopted can well balance the two goals of fairness and efficiency, so as to provide a reasonable distribution plan according to the supply of emergency medical resources and realize the rapid transfer of emergency medical materials. © 2023 Wuhan University of Technology. All rights reserved.

An End-to-End Knowledge Graph Based Question Answering Approach for COVID-19

Question Answering based on Knowledge Graph (KG) has emerged as a popular research area in general domain. However, few works focus on the COVID-19 kg-based question answering, which is very valuable for biomedical domain. In addition, existing question answering methods rely on knowledge embedding models to represent knowledge (i.e., entities and questions), but the relations between entities are neglected. In this paper, we construct a COVID-19 knowledge graph and propose an end-to-end knowledge graph question answering approach that can utilize relation information to improve the performance. Experimental result shows that the effectiveness of our approach on the COVID-19 knowledge graph question answering. Our code and data are available at https://github.com/CHNcreater/COVID-19-KGQA. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

LOCATION AND CAPACITY PLANNING FOR PREVENTIVE HEALTHCARE FACILITIES WITH CONGESTION EFFECTS

A painful lesson got from pandemic COVID-19 is that preventive healthcare service is of utmost importance to governments since it can make massive savings on healthcare expenditure and promote the welfare of the society. Recognizing the importance of preventive healthcare, this research aims to present a methodology for designing a network of preventive healthcare facilities in order to prevent diseases early. The problem is formulated as a bilevel non-linear integer programming model. The upper level is a facility location and capacity planning problem under a limited budget, while the lower level is a user choice problem that determines the allocation of clients to facilities. A genetic algorithm (GA) is developed to solve the upper level problem and a method of successive averages (MSA) is adopted to solve the lower level problem. The model and algorithm is applied to analyze an illustrative case in the Sioux Falls transport network and a number of interesting results and managerial insights are provided. It shows that solutions to medium-scale instances can be obtained in a reasonable time and the marginal benefit of investment is decreasing. © 2023, Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization. All Rights Reserved.

Information Behavior and Emotion Change during a Public Health Emergency of International Concern: A Case Study of Middle-Aged People

A Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) and information pandemics have a profound impact on people's information behavior and emotion change. In order to explore the trend of the interaction between information behavior and emotion change, and its influencing factors in the context of a PHEIC, we focused on middle-aged people who are regarded as one of the most affected by a PHEIC but are under-represented in research, as an exemplar. In this study, in-depth interviews were conducted among middle-aged people in various regions of China, to obtain data regarding their information behavior and emotions in the COVID-19 PHEIC throughout its different stages. Then the data was analyzed using grounded theory, which included open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. An interaction model was created, integrating demands for health information throughout the PHEIC. The information need for relevant statistics, prevention and control measures, and other information has always been high. At the remission stage of the PHEIC, the demand for information on resumption of work, production, and school received higher attention. The sentiments associated with the PHEIC had an interactive effect on related information behavior. The emotions of middle-aged people included positive, neutral, and negative sides, among which anxiety was dominant at different stages of the PHEIC. This work brings insights into exploring the changes in information behavior and related sentiments, from the perspective of dynamic and different stages of the PHEIC for various stakeholders to optimize health information service. © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Shengnan Yang, Xiaohua Zhu and Pnina Fichman;individual chapters, the contributors.

The Influence of Distance Education and Peer Self-Regulated Learning Mechanism on Learning Effectiveness, Motivation, Self-Efficacy, Reflective Ability, and Cognitive Load

COVID-19 has resulted in the increased use of distance learning around the world. With the advancement of information technology, traditional classroom teaching has gradually integrated the Internet and distance learning methods. Students need to be able to learn on their own in a distance learning environment, so their ability to self-regulate their learning in a distance learning environment cannot be ignored. However, in previous studies on self-regulated learning, most learners learn alone. When they have academic doubts, they cannot obtain help and support from their studies, resulting in reduced learning outcomes. This study uses the peer self-disciplined learning mechanism to establish a distance teaching system that assists students and to improve their own learning status by meeting with peers at a distance. It can also help learners orient themselves by observing their peers' learning status and goal considerations. The participants in this study were 112 college students in the department of information management. The control group used a general self-regulated teaching system for learning, and the experimental group used a distance learning system, incorporating peer self-regulated learning. The results of the study found that learners who used the distance peer learning mechanism were more effective than those who used the general distance self-regulated learning system;learners who used the distance peer-regulated learning mechanism had better motivation, self-efficacy, and reflection after the learning activity than those who used the general distance self-regulated learning system. In addition, with the aid of such mechanisms, learners' cognitive load can be reduced, and learning effectiveness can be improved. © 2023 by the authors.

An Semantic Similarity Matching Method for Chinese Medical Question Text

For the purpose of capturing the semantic information accurately and clarifying the user's questioning intention, this paper proposes a novel, ensemble deep architecture BERT-MSBiLSTM-Attentions (BMA) which uses the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), Multi-layer Siamese Bi-directional Long Short Term Memory (MSBiLSTM) and dual attention mechanism (Attentions) in order to solve the current question semantic similarity matching problem in medical automatic question answering system. In the preprocessing part, we first obtain token-level and sentence-level embedding vectors that contain rich semantic representations of complete sentences. The fusion of more accurate and adequate semantic features obtained through Siamese recurrent network and dual attention network can effectively eliminate the effect of poor matching results due to the presence of certain non-canonical texts or the diversity of their expression ambiguities. To evaluate our model, we splice the dataset of Ping An Healthkonnect disease QA transfer learning competition and "public AI star” challenge - COVID-19 similar sentence judgment competition. Experimental results with CC19 dataset show that BMA network achieves significant performance improvements compared to existing methods. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Travel-associated melioidosis: a narrative review.

BACKGROUND: Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, may be considered a neglected tropical disease that remains underdiagnosed in many geographical areas. Travellers can act as the sentinels of disease activity, and data from imported cases may help complete the global map of melioidosis. METHODS: A literature search for imported melioidosis for the period 2016-22 was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar. RESULTS: In total, 137 reports of melioidosis associated with travel were identified. The majority were males (71%) and associated with exposure in Asia (77%) (mainly Thailand, 41%, and India, 9%). A minority acquired the infection in the Americas-Caribbean area (6%), Africa (5%) and Oceania (2%). The most frequent comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (25%) followed by underlying pulmonary, liver or renal disease (8, 5 and 3%, respectively). Alcohol/tobacco use were noted for seven and six patients, respectively (5%). Five patients (4%) had associated non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related immunosuppression, and three patients (2%) had HIV infection. One patient (0.8%) had concomitant coronavirus disease 19. A proportion (27%) had no underlying diseases. The most frequent clinical presentations included pneumonia (35%), sepsis (30%) and skin/soft tissue infections (14%). Most developed symptoms <1 week after return (55%), and 29% developed symptoms >12 weeks after. Ceftazidime and meropenem were the main treatments used during the intensive intravenous phase (52 and 41% of patients, respectively) and the majority (82%) received co-trimoxazole alone/combination, for the eradication phase. Most patients had a favourable outcome/survived (87%). The search also retrieved cases in imported animals or cases secondary to imported commercial products. CONCLUSIONS: As post-pandemic travel soars, health professionals should be aware of the possibility of imported melioidosis with its diverse presentations. Currently, no licensed vaccine is available, so prevention in travellers should focus on protective measures (avoiding contact with soil/stagnant water in endemic areas). Biological samples from suspected cases require processing in biosafety level 3 facilities.

Association between ambient sulfur dioxide pollution and asthma mortality: Evidence from a nationwide analysis in China

There is a lack of research on the effects of acute exposure to ambient sulfur dioxide (SO2) on mortality caused by asthma, especially nationwide research in China. To explore the acute effect of exposure to ambient SO2 on asthma mortality using nationwide dataset in China from 2015 to 2020 and further evaluate the associations in subgroups with different geographical and demographic characteristics. We used data from China's Disease Surveillance Points system with 29,553 asthma deaths in China during 2015–2020. The exposure variable was the daily mean concentrations of SO2 from the ChinaHighSO2 10 km × 10 km daily grid dataset. Bilinear interpolation was used to estimate each individual's exposure to air pollutants and meteorological variables. We used a time-stratified case crossover design at the individual level to analyze the exposure response relationship between short-term exposure to SO2 and asthma mortality. Stratified analyses were carried out by sex, age group, marital status, warm season and cold season, urbanicity and region. Significant associations between short-term exposure to ambient SO2 and increased asthma mortality were found in this nationwide study. The excess risk (ER) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in SO2 concentrations at lag07 was 7.78 % (95 % CI, 4.16–11.52 %). Season appeared to significantly modify the association. The associations were stronger in cold season (ER 9.78 %, 95 % CI:5.82 −13.89 %). The association remained consistent using different lag periods, adjusting for other pollutants, and in the analysis during pre-Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) period. Our study indicates increased risk of asthma mortality with acute exposures to SO2 in Chinese population. The current study lends support for greater awareness of the harmful effect of SO2 in China and other countries with high SO2 pollution. © 2022 The Authors

Comparing the performance between static and dynamic populations in COVID-19 hotspot prediction

Objectives: This study aimed to set up the prediction model of COVID-19 hotspot areas by using the census data and human mobility from telecommunication data in Taipei and New Taipei City. The comparison between their accuracy and limitations can provide the relevant insights for future epidemic control. Methods: The spatio-temporal resolution is fixed at the village level in two cities in May 2021. The static and dynamic data are used to construct the mobility network. The former applies gravity model to mimic human flow, and the latter uses telecommunication data as the measure of mobility. We propose the footprints similarity by structural equivalence of spatial networks and integrate it with the number of confirmed cases for computing the risk level of the villages. The performance of the models is evaluated using ROC curves and logistic regression under different thresholds for the confirmed cases. Results: The mobility derived from the telecommunication data provided better prediction performance than that from the census data;they have an average AUC of 0.75 and 0.69, respectively. Besides, the telecommunication data had a tendency to identify a further village as high-risk zone compared to the gravity model. According to the results of logistic regression, the odds ratio (OR) of exceeding the cases' threshold estimated from the telecommunication data is 1.45 on average, while the one estimated from the census data is 1.10. Conclusions: Telecommunication data can be beneficial in identifying the potential high-risk areas and enhancing situational awareness in advance. © 2022, Taiwan Public Health Association. All rights reserved.

Does COVID-19 Affect the Accessibility of Outdoor Sports Venues? A Case Study in Nanchang, China

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a great challenge to society, the economy, and population health. It has become a significant public health event and social problem. Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the accessibility of outdoor sports venues is crucial for people's health. Based on spatial theory, the quantitative and qualitative analyses of outdoor sports venues' spatial distribution and accessibility were conducted, and the epidemic's impact on them was analyzed. The results show that: (1) The existing outdoor sports venues in Nanchang show a distribution pattern of "sparse in the north and south, and strong aggregation in the middle”. (2) As a result of the epidemic, the center of the standard deviation ellipse in outdoor sports sites shifted to the southeast, while the number of open venues decreased by 68%. (3) Before COVID-19, the entire study area could achieve full coverage by driving for 17 min, riding for 70 min, or walking for 119 min. After COVID-19, the time increased to 29, 109, and 193 min, respectively. (4) Under the high-risk scenario of COVID-19, the average walking time for people to reach outdoor sports venues increased from 6.2 min to 14.0 min in the study area, with an increase of 126%. Finally, according to the findings of this study, recommendations were made on how government departments could build or re-open outdoor sports venues during and after this epidemic. © 2023 by the authors.

Supplement of iron abrogates SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection in a 3D model of vascularized organoids

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cause severe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Even though vaccination, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is still continue. It is urgent to have a model that can efficiently evaluate potential therapeutic agents to counteract SARS-CoV-2 infection. Iron is an essential molecule for maintaining homeostasis. Supplement of iron significantly to affect virus infection. But the detailed mechanisms of iron on regulating SARS-CoV-2 infection are still unveiled. The three-dimensional (3D) model is a promising system for drug screening and disease progression analysis. Organoid is a typical 3D culture system that recapitulates genetic characteristics and phenotypic features of organs within body. Vasculature is prevalent for all various organs or tumors in the body which transport nutrients, oxygen and metabolites to maintain cellular homeostasis. Thus, we have established a 3D model of vascularized organoid to evaluate the effects of iron on infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus to provide the novel therapeutic strategy in coping SARS-CoV-2 infection. © 2022 IEEE.